Essay on Contemporary Uses The Pennsylvania State Capitol

Contemporary Uses: The Pennsylvania State Capitol Pennsylvania has a wide variety of beautiful historical buildings that reflect many different styles of architecture. They include historical homes, unique covered bridges, government buildings, and breathtaking churches. Some of Pennsylvania’s most recognized examples of great architecture are Frank Lloyd Wright’s â€Å"Fallingwater† and The Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts located in Philadelphia. However, the one building that I think of when it comes to great architecture is The Pennsylvania State Capitol. The Pennsylvania State Capitol building, located in Harrisburg, is a great example that represents a variety of architectural elements and a rich history. The interesting†¦show more content†¦Philadelphia architect, Joseph M. Huston, won the competition and began new construction in 1904. The third building was completed in 1906, and was declared â€Å"the most beautiful state Capitol in the nation,† by President Theodore Roosevelt. The total cost to build and furnish the building was $12 million, which was much higher than the anticipated cost of $4 million (â€Å"Capitol†). Today’s Capitol is an example of classic renaissance style. Vermont granite covers the exterior of the five-story building and the roof is made of a green glazed tile. The building is 520 feet long and 254 feet wide and covers approximately 2 acres of land. The Capitol’s centerpiece is the spectacular dome, which was inspired by Michelangelo’s design for St. Peter’s Basilica in Rome. The dome illuminates at night with the help of the 48 portholes and floodlights in the roof (â€Å"Capitol†). Joseph H uston believed that Pennsylvania’s Capitol was a public building that belonged to the Commonwealth’s citizens. He wanted this establishment to display different forms of art that highlighted Pennsylvania’s history. This was achieved by incorporating the works of some of the nation’s greatest artists and craftsmen, which included Henry Chapman Mercer, Edwin Austin Abbey, Violet Oakley, William V. Van Ingen, George Gray Benard, and Rolan Hinton Perry (â€Å"Capitol†). The front doors of the Capitol are casted from bronze and ornately decorated with symbols ofShow MoreRelatedThe Hunger Games By Suzanne Collins2436 Words   |  10 Pagesof the same name. The story follows protagonist Katniss Everdeen, a girl from district 12, one of 12 districts governed by President Snow of the Capitol, who volunteers for the 74th annual Hunger Games in place of her sister. As punishment from a past rebellion and as a reminder of that failure, The Hunger Games is an annual battle royal where the Capitol of Panem takes two tributes from each District and pits them against one another in a battle to the death. The Hunger Games shows that a superstructuralRead MoreThe United States Essay2623 Words   |  11 Pages 1. The Commonwealth They Served The weather was seasonally cold in Pennsylvania’s Capitol late in 1914. On Sunday morning, December 27, the temperature was 1 degree Fahrenheit. This reading was the lowest ever registered in the last month of the year during the almost three-decade history of the Harrisburg weather station. Nevertheless, the cold did not dim the spirit of the holiday season as the Harrisburg Evening Telegraph newspaper cheerfully proclaimed, â€Å"Perfect Christmas Makes City HappyRead MoreSummary Of Rudyard Kipling s The Great Gatsby Essay2659 Words   |  11 PagesThey re there, there, there with Earth immortal (Citizens, I give you friendly warning). That the things that truly last when men and times have passed, they are all in Pennsylvania this morning! Rudyard Kipling â€Æ' 1. The Commonwealth They Served The weather was seasonally cold in Pennsylvania’s Capitol late in 1914. On Sunday morning, December 27, the temperature was 1 degree Fahrenheit. This reading was the lowest ever registered in the last month of the year during the almost three-decade historyRead MoreThe September 11th Attack on the World Trade Center1743 Words   |  7 Pagesdeck in the world located on South Tower. Underneath the complex, parking garages and subway tunnels would accommodate the daily flow of traffic. The Twin Towers of the World Trade Centre quickly became a symbol of trade and commerce in the United States. On Friday, February 26th, 1993, a yellow rental van drove into the underground garage of the World Trade Centre. An 880 kilogram homemade bomb was concealed inside the van. The driver parked and departed. Just after noon, the bomb exploded. The impactRead MoreWhat Is Significant About Developments in Post-Cold War Ir Theory?1966 Words   |  8 PagesRelations: Realism and Liberalism. Realism is said to be the most established theory in International Relations and was in its height during the Cold War. It deals with what is best for the state (state-centric) in order to ensure survival. This means having sufficient power to enable security for the state. A modern realist Hans Morgenthau defines this as mans control over the minds and actions of other men (Morgenthau [1948]1955:26 taken from Baylis and Smith 2001: 150). So what effect doesRead MoreChristmas Trees in the Workplace and the First Amendment: An Overview of the Issue5305 Words   |  21 Pagescontext in relation to 1st Amendment The First Amendment as Freedom of Speech and Religious Expression Interpretation of Freedom of Speech Interpretation of Freedom of Religious Expression Limits to Amendment in contemporary society Literature Review Pre-1990 writings Contemporary scholarship Ethical considerations utilitarianism and deontology Historical Court Cases Historiography of Issue Evolution of Courts opinion and interpretation of the issue Polarized Views Pro and Con of allowingRead MoreA Study Of Gentrification On Economically Vulnerable Populations : A Case Study For The Jackson, Mississippi5347 Words   |  22 Pages Jackson State University Department of Public Policy and Administration Research Paper A Study of Gentrification on Economically Vulnerable Populations: A Case Study for the Jackson, Mississippi May 5, 2017 by Essilyn Milton Submitted to: Dr. Johnny Gilleylen Advanced Research Methods Ph.D. Program PPAD 796 Table of Contents Chapter 1: Introduction 3 Problem Statement 3 Research Objectives 4 Rational of the Study†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4 Significance ofRead More Biography of Edgar Allan Poe Essay11890 Words   |  48 Pageslanded at Newcastle, Delaware, in 1748 or a little earlier. These were John Poe and his wife Jane McBride Poe who went to settle in eastern Pennsylvania. This couple had ten children in their family, among them one David who was the grandfather of the poet. David Poe married Elizabeth Cairnes, also of Scotch-Irish ancestry, then living in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, whence, sometime prior to the outbreak of the American Revolution they moved to Baltimore, Maryland. David Poe and his wife, ElizabethRead MoreThe Censorship of Art Essay example14698 Words   |  59 PagesHowever, the RIAA’s response provoked opposition from record companies, radio and TV representatives, and musicians, who felt that the RIAA’s label amounted to censorship and an abridgement of First Amendment rights. The dispute finally shifted to Capitol Hill, where a hearing was held before the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation on what by then had come to be known as the issue of porn rock. 2. The Senate Hearing on Record Labeling The Senate Hearing on record labelingRead MoreMethods of Qualitative of Data Collection19658 Words   |  79 Pagesrefer to several at the end of this chapter). Its purpose is to guide the proposal writer in stipulating the methods of choice for his study and in describing for the reader how the data will inform his research questions. How the researcher plans to use these methods, however, depends on several considerations. Chapter 1 presents an introductory discussion of qualitative methodological assumptions. As the grounding for a selection of methods, we extend that discussion here, using Brantlinger’s (1997)

The Effects Of Climate Change On The Environment Essay

â€Å"If people knew the benefits of nature besides cute animals and a place for them to vacation. If they knew nature provided clean air, fresh water, pollinators for our crops, new medicines, new food crops, and that we can’t afford to produce these things for ourselves†¦ They would understand the full value of nature,†- Harrison Ford. Climate change is a hotly debated topic in our world. There are those who believe humanity is causing the changes we are currently experiencing. Additionally, there are groups disputing the claim, citing research that states the climate goes through cyclic periods of warming and cooling. Several groups have a part in the debate surrounding the causes of climate change, creating further confusion for the general public. There is evidence supporting each side, though at this time there is not enough to make a definitive conclusion. The greenhouse effect is the retaining of solar energy in the atmosphere that heats the planet. This is necessary for life to thrive, though causes issues when unregulated (Issitt and Flynn). While global climate change is the modification of the planet’s temperatures, in recent years the trend has been warming. Humans have been a contributing factor to the current changes in climate, although there are other natural elements to be considered for effective understanding of global warming. The reason or reasons for the current temperature changes are debatable. Greenhouse gases are an essential part of theShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Climate Change On The Environment Essay1268 Words   |  6 PagesOCEAN ACIDIFICATION Smog, contaminated water, melting of snow packs. These are some of impacts that Climate Change has had on the Earth over the past years. All of these are product of the increase in carbon dioxide emissions by humans and their polluting activities. Since the Industrial Revolution, these events have escalated and, they have been becoming more noticeable and prolonged across the globe. Some of these events are more palpable and pronounced in certain parts of the hemisphere. For exampleRead MoreThe Effects Of Climate Change On The Environment1445 Words   |  6 Pagescooler climates all are impacts of increasing temperatures that are happening right now. Within the next century, sea levels will rise 7 - 23 inches, Storms will become much stronger, floods/droughts will become more common, and many, many other negative environmental changes (Cook). These changes in the environment have been the topic of debate for decades, but has become more and more common over the past few years. On one side of the debate, there are the people who believe climate changeRead MoreThe Effects Of Climate Change On The Environment1506 Words   |  7 Pagesthe amount of damage that has been done to the environment is due to this current generation and the problem I will be focusing on is climate change. Climate change is an issue that has been present for many years, but we are just now deciding to stand up and try to fix things. The problem at hand is whether or not it’s too late to undo the destruction that’s already been done. Is this damage too critical that it cannot be corrected? Climate change is an environmental issue that is reversible, theRead MoreThe Effects Of Climate Change On The Environment1217 Words   |  5 Pagesrisks of climate change, but many others are unaware of the problem, unsure of the facts or what to do, do not trust experts or believe their conclusions, think the problem is elsewhere, are fixed in their ways, believe that others should act, or believe that their actions will make no difference or are unimportant compared to those of others. II. †¢ An individual level of analysis is relevant for understanding the impacts of climate change and the ways individuals adapt to climate change becauseRead MoreThe Effects Of Climate Change On The Environment1055 Words   |  5 PagesClimate change has become a major issue in today’s society. Coming from the rise of Greenhouse Gas emissions and changing temperature caused human developments, world leaders and organisations are working on ways to combat the problem. This includes taking steps towards renewable energy and a cleaner future. Although, human activity is not the sole cause to the rising earth’s temperatures. Besides are use of greenhouse gases and fossil fuels, natural Influences including the current El Nià ±o periodRead MoreClimate Change And Its Effect On The Environment Essay1348 Words   |  6 Pages Tying this back to climate change, it the levels of these salt marshes are affected by the rise in seawater. However, if the cordgrass and marsh hay experience more or less stress from higher or lower tides than they are used to, the soils within each area will be disturbed. The higher the sea level rises, the more tides increase in number as well as speed. If the tides speed up and become more frequent, it is possible that this could dislodge newly planted seeds and disturb the populations increasingRead MoreThe Effects Of Climate Change On The Environment906 Words   |  4 PagesClimate is consistent behavior of temperature, precipitation, humidity, atmospheric pressure and other related environmental factors. Around the globe, temperature a re climbing, sea levels are rising, and season are changing, which means that climate change is transforming our Earth. Climate change indicates negative consequences on the impact to humanity and on the factors of the climate system. By climate change the most endangered is atmosphere, because it changes the composition of uncontrolledRead MoreThe Effects Of Climate Change On The Enviro nment1188 Words   |  5 PagesDue to recent climate change the environment has been impacted in many ways. Climate Change is a change in global or regional climate patterns attributed largely to the increased levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide produced by the use of fossil fuels (Oxford Dictionary). Scientists have studied the impacts it s having on the environment such as temperature rising, sea level rising, and increase in natural disasters. Climate change has only affected us in the 20 years due to the increase in factoriesRead MoreThe Effects Of Climate Change On The Environment Essay954 Words   |  4 Pagesthat the reason for the heat range change is man made pollution. The alleged cause of this climatic change is the development of carbon dioxide, which blocks solar heat and keeps it from radiating out of the weather. Carbon footprint is a way to evaluate the effect that human actions have on the surroundings through the exhaust of green house gas, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and chlorofluorocarbon are associated with environment changes and have an effect on the entire atmosphere. SpecificallyRead MoreThe Effects Of Climate Change On The Environment Essay1916 Words   |  8 PagesBarack Obama and other World Leaders secured a global agreement to fight against climate change. President Obama strives to lessen global emissions by the end of the century and to alleviate the amount of fossil fuels that are being burned in our atmosphere. Society has been affecting our environment by burning fossil fuels and decreasing the amount of greenhouse gases. The changing climate has affected the environment in many ways. The Earth’s water systems have been thrown off balance, there are The Effects Of Climate Change On The Environment Essay Recently, global temperature is without a doubt increasing, and there is a very powerful chance that the reason for the heat range change is man made pollution. The alleged cause of this climatic change is the development of carbon dioxide, which blocks solar heat and keeps it from radiating out of the weather. Carbon footprint is a way to evaluate the effect that human actions have on the surroundings through the exhaust of green house gas, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and chlorofluorocarbon are associated with environment changes and have an effect on the entire atmosphere. Specifically, the more reliant we are on non-renewable energy sources, the larger our carbon footprint is. Regardless of what we think about climate change, we will likely believe that our current ways of life, developments across the world, and the expanding human population are affecting the world. Moreover, there are many ways we can help to reduce carbon footprint releasing in the environment. One of the great cases is how Patagonia has improved above others to sustain the environment. Patagonia is a provider and manufacturer of outdoor equipment. One of the early environmental actions the organization started was the marketing of organically produce cotton. Patagonia made the decision years ago to reduce the environmental harm due to cotton improving when traditional methods are used. Since the company’s products at time used much cotton, this move would be a major step in making theShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Climate Change On The Environment Essay1268 Words   |  6 PagesOCEAN ACIDIFICATION Smog, contaminated water, melting of snow packs. These are some of impacts that Climate Change has had on the Earth over the past years. All of these are product of the increase in carbon dioxide emissions by humans and their polluting activities. Since the Industrial Revolution, these events have escalated and, they have been becoming more noticeable and prolonged across the globe. Some of these events are more palpable and pronounced in certain parts of the hemisphere. For exampleRead MoreThe Effects Of Climate Change On The Environment1445 Words   |  6 Pagescooler climates all are impacts of increasing temperatures that are happening right now. Within the next century, sea levels will rise 7 - 23 inches, Storms will become much stronger, floods/droughts will become more common, and many, many other negative environmental changes (Cook). These changes in the environment have been the topic of debate for decades, but has become more and more common over the past few years. On one side of the debate, there are the people who believe climate changeRead MoreThe Effects Of Climate Change On The Environment1506 Words   |  7 Pagesthe amount of damage that has been done to the environment is due to this current generation and the problem I will be focusing on is climate change. Climate change is an issue that has been present for many years, but we are just now deciding to stand up and try to fix things. The problem at hand is whether or not it’s too late to undo the destruction that’s already been done. Is this damage too critical that it cannot be corrected? Climate change is an environmental issue that is reversible, theRead MoreThe Effects Of Climate Change On The Environment1217 Words   |  5 Pagesrisks of climate change, but many others are unaware of the problem, unsure of the facts or what to do, do not trust experts or believe their conclusions, think the problem is elsewhere, are fixed in their ways, believe that others should act, or believe that their actions will make no difference or are unimportant compared to those of others. II. †¢ An individual level of analysis is relevant for understanding the impacts of climate change and the ways individuals adapt to climate change becauseRead MoreThe Effects Of Climate Change On The Environment1055 Words   |  5 PagesClimate change has become a major issue in today’s society. Coming from the rise of Greenhouse Gas emissions and changing temperature caused human developments, world leaders and organisations are working on ways to combat the problem. This includes taking steps towards renewable energy and a cleaner future. Although, human activity is not the sole cause to the rising earth’s temperatures. Besides are use of greenhouse gases and fossil fuels, natural Influences including the current El Nià ±o periodRead MoreClimate Change And Its Effect On The Environment Essay1348 Words   |  6 Pages Tying this back to climate change, it the levels of these salt marshes are affected by the rise in seawater. However, if the cordgrass and marsh hay experience more or less stress from higher or lower tides than they are used to, the soils within each area will be disturbed. The higher the sea level rises, the more tides increase in number as well as speed. If the tides speed up and become more frequent, it is possible that this could dislodge newly planted seeds and disturb the populations increasingRead MoreThe Effects Of Climate Change On The Environment906 Words   |  4 PagesClimate is consistent behavior of temperature, precipitation, humidity, atmospheric pressure and other related environmental factors. Around the globe, temperature a re climbing, sea levels are rising, and season are changing, which means that climate change is transforming our Earth. Climate change indicates negative consequences on the impact to humanity and on the factors of the climate system. By climate change the most endangered is atmosphere, because it changes the composition of uncontrolledRead MoreThe Effects Of Climate Change On The Enviro nment1188 Words   |  5 PagesDue to recent climate change the environment has been impacted in many ways. Climate Change is a change in global or regional climate patterns attributed largely to the increased levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide produced by the use of fossil fuels (Oxford Dictionary). Scientists have studied the impacts it s having on the environment such as temperature rising, sea level rising, and increase in natural disasters. Climate change has only affected us in the 20 years due to the increase in factoriesRead MoreThe Effects Of Climate Change On The Environment Essay1916 Words   |  8 PagesBarack Obama and other World Leaders secured a global agreement to fight against climate change. President Obama strives to lessen global emissions by the end of the century and to alleviate the amount of fossil fuels that are being burned in our atmosphere. Society has been affecting our environment by burning fossil fuels and decreasing the amount of greenhouse ga ses. The changing climate has affected the environment in many ways. The Earth’s water systems have been thrown off balance, there areRead MoreThe Effects Of Climate Change On The Environment3459 Words   |  14 PagesIntroduction â€Å"If international climate policy is to prove effective, government policy-makers will unavoidably need to take all business actors on board, not the least of them the multinational oil corporations. The oil industry is one of the most powerful and global business sectors today and its activities and products are directly linked with rising greenhouse gas emissions. Understanding its climate change strategies and actions is of utmost importance to those policy-makers aiming at constructive The Effects Of Climate Change On The Environment Essay No challenge poses a greater threat to future generations than climate change (President Barack Obama) On December 12, 2015, President Barack Obama and other World Leaders secured a global agreement to fight against climate change. President Obama strives to lessen global emissions by the end of the century and to alleviate the amount of fossil fuels that are being burned in our atmosphere. Society has been affecting our environment by burning fossil fuels and decreasing the amount of greenhouse gases. There are many effects of the changing climate on the environment. The Earth’s water systems have been thrown off balance, there are extreme weather patterns, and natural habitats have been altered in the latest years of existence (Boyd and Topkins). When it comes to the topic of climate change, most of us will readily agree that it is caused by humankind. Where this agreement usually ends; however, is on the question of whether climate change is real or not. Whereas some are convinced that it is equally shared between the environment and society, others maintain that it i s solely the humans that have caused the destruction of our world. I believe humans are not the sole cause for climate change, but they do play a big part in the drastic changes of our Earth’s climate. I am under the impression that it is a mutual responsibility between the humans and the environment. With my own views about climate change, I decided to pursue the opinions of other people onShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Climate Change On The Environment Essay1268 Words   |  6 PagesOCEAN ACIDIFICATION Smog, contaminated water, melting of snow packs. These are some of impacts that Climate Change has had on the Earth over the past years. All of these are product of the increase in carbon dioxide emissions by humans and their polluting activities. Since the Industrial Revolution, these events have escalated and, they have been becoming more noticeable and prolonged across the globe. Some of these events are more palpable and pronounced in certain parts of the hemisphere. For exampleRead MoreThe Effects Of Climate Change On The Environment1445 Words   |  6 Pagescooler climates all are impacts of increasing temperatures that are happening right now. Within the next century, sea levels will rise 7 - 23 inches, Storms will become much stronger, floods/droughts will become more common, and many, many other negative environmental changes (Cook). These changes in the environment have been the topic of debate for decades, but has become more and more common over the past few years. On one side of the debate, there are the people who believe climate changeRead MoreThe Effects Of Climate Change On The Environment1506 Words   |  7 Pagesthe amount of damage that has been done to the environment is due to this current generation and the problem I will be focusing on is climate change. Climate change is an issue that has been present for many years, but we are just now deciding to stand up and try to fix things. The problem at hand is whether or not it’s too late to undo the destruction that’s already been done. Is this damage too critical that it cannot be corrected? Climate change is an environmental issue that is reversible, theRead MoreThe Effects Of Climate Change On The Environment1217 Words   |  5 Pagesrisks of climate change, but many others are unaware of the problem, unsure of the facts or what to do, do not trust experts or believe their conclusions, think the problem is elsewhere, are fixed in their ways, believe that others should act, or believe that their actions will make no difference or are unimportant compared to those of others. II. †¢ An individual level of analysis is relevant for understanding the impacts of climate change and the ways individuals adapt to climate change becauseRead MoreThe Effects Of Climate Change On The Environment1055 Words   |  5 PagesClimate change has become a major issue in today’s society. Coming from the rise of Greenhouse Gas emissions and changing temperature caused human developments, world leaders and organisations are working on ways to combat the problem. This includes taking steps towards renewable energy and a cleaner future. Although, human activity is not the sole cause to the rising earth’s temperatures. Besides are use of greenhouse gases and fossil fuels, natural Influences including the current El Nià ±o periodRead MoreClimate Change And Its Effect On The Environment Essay1348 Words   |  6 Pages Tying this back to climate change, it the levels of these salt marshes are affected by the rise in seawater. However, if the cordgrass and marsh hay experience more or less stress from higher or lower tides than they are used to, the soils within each area will be disturbed. The higher the sea level rises, the more tides increase in number as well as speed. If the tides speed up and become more frequent, it is possible that this could dislodge newly planted seeds and disturb the populations increasingRead MoreThe Effects Of Climate Change On The Environment906 Words   |  4 PagesClimate is consistent behavior of temperature, precipitation, humidity, atmospheric pressure and other related environmental factors. Around the globe, temperature a re climbing, sea levels are rising, and season are changing, which means that climate change is transforming our Earth. Climate change indicates negative consequences on the impact to humanity and on the factors of the climate system. By climate change the most endangered is atmosphere, because it changes the composition of uncontrolledRead MoreThe Effects Of Climate Change On The Enviro nment Essay954 Words   |  4 Pagesthat the reason for the heat range change is man made pollution. The alleged cause of this climatic change is the development of carbon dioxide, which blocks solar heat and keeps it from radiating out of the weather. Carbon footprint is a way to evaluate the effect that human actions have on the surroundings through the exhaust of green house gas, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and chlorofluorocarbon are associated with environment changes and have an effect on the entire atmosphere. SpecificallyRead MoreThe Effects Of Climate Change On The Environment1188 Words   |  5 PagesDue to recent climate change the environment has been impacted in many ways. Climate Change is a change in global or regional climate patterns attributed largely to the increased levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide produced by the use of fossil fuels (Oxford Dictionary). Scientists have studied the impacts it s having on the environment such as temperature rising, sea level rising, and increase in natural disasters. Climate change has only affected us in the 20 years due to the increase in factoriesRead MoreThe Effects Of Climate Change On The Environment Essay1916 Words   |  8 PagesBarack Obama and other Worl d Leaders secured a global agreement to fight against climate change. President Obama strives to lessen global emissions by the end of the century and to alleviate the amount of fossil fuels that are being burned in our atmosphere. Society has been affecting our environment by burning fossil fuels and decreasing the amount of greenhouse gases. The changing climate has affected the environment in many ways. The Earth’s water systems have been thrown off balance, there are

Portrayal Of Men And Women In Advertisements

Question: Discuss about thePortrayal of Men and Women in Advertisements. Answer: Introduction In the modern world, media plays a pivotal role in disseminating information to the general public. It is used for generating awareness, spreading information, and even imparting education. Media plays a significant role in developing communication and saturating the world of industrialism through advertisements. Newspapers, social sites, new channels- all are channels to market products. Advertisements in magazines or newspapers or commercial advertisements are attention grabbing. In such a scenario, there rise some ethical issues which must be addressed. Television commercials and ads in the hoard of being successful and selling their products depict images which are detrimental to the society as a whole. The advertiser's Advertisements are very influential in transferring both negative and positive images and messages. Moreover, they have the ability to manipulate the opinions and attitudes of men and women in the society. Individuals create cognitive schemes through the knowledge they gain from the happenings in the world. These cognitive systems are realities that exist in the society. Advertisements, in fact, shape the identity, recognition, and understanding of individuals. If this is seen in the light of the cultivation theory, it is well evident that the perceptions of social reality are shaped by what people watch or see repeatedly. Moreover, advertisements transfer the dominant ideology of hegemony. Media perpetuates a sense of domination through a focus on elites. There is a lack of gender sensitivity in media, and this is well evident from the stereotypical images portrayed. (Furnham, Adrian, and Stephanie Paltzer 2012). From time immemorial, women have been subjected to oppression, domination, and marginalization. One may say that women have gained recognition and independence in the male dominated society. If one thinks deeply, the question arises, is it so or is it just a myth like many other that surround women? Have women gained independence from the male domination and the male gaze? The answer is self-evident from the several images of women depicted in advertisements. The portrayal of women is disparaging, derogatory, and dissimilar to that of men. Most importantly, the images of women portrayed are, in fact, social stereotypes. Magazines direct the positive energies of women into a narrow channel. The feminine framework is imposed through their pre-occupations, concerns, and aspirations. This is an undaunted realization for women as such stereotypes have been internalized by women. Moving away from those images, or breaking norms and stereotypes would make a woman feel aloof, separated, and the other.' The images that are produced are objective, portray false reality, and present an incomplete picture. (Tan et al. 2013). The predominating image of women in the magazine is that of a young, domestic, weak, subordinate creature whose ultimate goal is to get married and reproduce. Women must act and behave in such a way that they fit in to the roles imposed upon them by the dominant patriarchal society. She is deemed an object and a combination of sex object, daughter, wife, and mother. She is depicted as the object of desire which must look beautiful, please men, and maintain their body. There are several stereotypical images of men and women that are portrayed in advertisements. One stereotype regarding women is that of the homemaker or the householder. Any commercial related to household items would depict a woman. For instance, one would find a woman purchasing grocery items or making everyday purchases, shopping, cooking, or taking care of their babies. The idea of being a dutiful wife and a doting mother is perpetuated through television commercials. One would always find the mother advertising for baby foods or other baby products. She is the domestic one and hence must advertise local products, products that are utilized in regular lives. On the other hand, men are seen advertising for cars, loans, investments, businesses, and other nondomestic products. While women are shown in a homely environment, men are shown working outdoors. Women are seen advertising for cosmetics, are meant to retain their beauty forever, and must represent the physically active, heal thy lifestyle. (Summers, Alicia, and Miller 2014). Not only women, but men are also in stereotypical roles. The real' man is successful, seducer, professional, athletic, and must have a beautiful woman by his side. However, the roles in which they are portrayed vary from each other to a large extent. The advertisements mirror and shape the values prevalent in the society. The reverse is also true. Mena and women featured in advertisements are typecast. They merely adhere to the dominant social roles imposed upon them. According to the cultivation theory, the social value in a society is shaped by the present media. Media tends to shape and reshape the values. It is effective to the target audience as individuals get inspired by advertisements and try to adapt the roles that are portrayed. Advertisements affect human behavior to such an extent that even the contour and the relationship of an individual with others undergoes change. The effect is at times so much that people tend to change their perceptions about their bodies. Chan, Ka ra, and Yolanda Cheng. (2012) Advertisements propose the socially constructed lifestyles and identities and form a representation of the self. Some of the stereotypical roles of women found in advertisements are that of the sex kitten, love tutor, the inciter, potential lover, and finally the homemaker. Initially, women were seen more in the traditional role of a woman that is, of a homemaker and a mother. Men were shown mostly in professional roles. In the present evolving times, the image has somewhat deviated, and the focus is now on the physical features and the body. The following advertisement in a fashion magazine of Canada emphasizes the need for good looks and a glamorous body. The idea and image of the perfect body are perpetrated in fashion magazines. The advertisement in the fashion magazine Flare lays emphasis on party looks, styling, and the image of the perfect body.' Millions of dollars are spent on magazines and models to portray this perfect image. The foundation of this perfect body image is so strong that women hoard after this image and are ready to spend thousands of dollars on dieting, makeup and fashion. Such images are detrimental for women who crave for the glam look. It has physical as well as psychological implications on the women. The effect is so much that women have internalized this image. The role of a woman to incite men through their body shape has also been internalized by women. Women do not realize the imposition in the name of advertisements. In fact, failure to achieve the look leads to mental stress and dissat isfaction. (Van et al. 2012). They view and identify such images with hegemonic femininity. They do not consider this role playing to be an indicator of passivity and weakness, and in control of their sexuality, but as a sign of strength. The attention of customers is held through the so called sophisticated images. The society in the modern world may consider themselves welcoming and progressive, but a deeper look into advertisements would unveil the veneer. Advertisements about chocolates give an insight into the inequality that is deeply rooted in the society till date. One would find extensive use of female models in advertisements. The chocolate consumer advertisements portray women who are seen enticing buyers. Such an image harks on the historical inequalities instead of running parallel to the so called progressive minds of present times. One would find a sheer objectification of women. Companies to woo customers misrepresent and objectify the body of women. (Van, Corine, and Bulck. 2016). The above magazine advertisement features a semi-naked model who is flaunting her body. As is evident from the cover page, the magazine talks about ways to entice men. Such advertisements perpetuate objectification, sexualization, and stereotypes. It conveys the message that the role of a woman is to woo and seduce her partner at night and hence the tips. Moreover, it advises ways by which women can have an incredibly slim body and flaunt it. Such advertisements are, in fact, a way to convey the expectations of society from men and women. These advertisements inflict gender stereotypes. Advertisements are judged by their ability to sell products, retain and draw the attention of customers. In the hoard of attracting customers, people associated with marketing and advertisements fail to account for the social and ethical responsibility. Advertisements play a significant role in influencing the culture of society. Thus, it is highly recommended not to show advertisements and portray images that may have an adverse impact on the masses. In the chocolate and beverage industry, one would find overtly sexualized images of women. Instead of focusing on the nutritional facts and the products itself, advertisers tend to correlate the consumption of chocolate with that of women. Promoters sell products based on the body and negative social beliefs thereby posing an adverse impact on the minds of the consumers. In the above advertisement of the chocolate brand Godiva Gems, a woman is portrayed along with the chocolate ("Wrapped Chocolates | GODIVA" 2016). Placing the women for enticing customers is often seen in chocolate advertisements. One would often come across women endorsing chocolates by smearing it on their body. Such images convey the message of romance, courtship, and sex. Thus, women are highly sexualized in such advertisements. These kinds of images render women as slaves and equivalent to chocolates who must be consumed. The focus is thus drawn through the objectification of the body. Such advertisements which use the female body would readily arouse feelings of desirability and sexuality. The provocative look of the female model in the advertisement aims at enticing customers and attracting their attention. The aesthetic appeal of feminine sexuality is thus utilized everywhere to sell products. Such sexual innuendos are incredibly male driven, sexist, and abusive. These advertisements portray sexual biases, inequality, and stereotypes. Chocolate advertisements utilize women to show that eating this particular chocolate would fulfill the sex ual desires (Tan et al. 2013). In the automobile industry, one would find scantily clad women around cars. They are a piece of ornamentation and deemed fit for advertisement. Placing women by the side of a car for with the objective of mere ornamentation reduces the woman to the level of an object. The role thus gets stratified and narrowed down. The woman in such advertisements is portrayed as an added beauty, coveted, and exotic. She is adoration, an ornament, an accessory. She is either portrayed as the sexy prop, a hot mechanic or a sexy passenger.This depiction deems women as something to be consumed like the car. Such portrayal and objectification are widespread over media channels and magazines. Such misrepresentations affect the minds of youth. They grow and mature with these stereotypes. In these advertisements, the body of women is equivalent to the car. They are young, beautiful, tall, long legged, and thin. The image is that of a woman who is conditioned to view herself as an object. This is not the re al self, and the woman is under constant transformation and alteration. She is under a disguise and is unable to discover her true self. Moreover, keeping these unnaturally beautiful women beside a car or in car advertisements convinces the customers that they would have similar beautiful women surrounding them if they buy the beautiful car. Again, the advertisements reduce the women to the level of an object very much similar to chocolate advertisements. (Verhellen, Yann, Nathalie, and Pelsmacker 2016). In most of the automobile advertisements, women are portrayed as mothers enjoying a ride with their children. It is the husband, or the father who is seen driving the car, not the mother. The aim of such advertisements is to appeal consumers with families and talk about their safety. Women are seen cooking for their children and husbands and waiting for their husbands to come back from office. Moreover, women are never seen buying cars for themselves. It is the husband and the family for whom the woman must buy the car. In a way, the body of women is compared to a car which must be driven. Thus these images are hyper-sexualized and overtly objectify women. Car advertisements are made keeping in mid the target audience. Car advertisements that target women would show women in domestic roles such as taking children to school or running here and there for other household errands. On the other hand, advertisements that target men would portray men typically as single, powerful, wealthy, independent, and confident. Moreover, safer and smaller cars are marketed for women while flashy, luxury branded and big cars are targeted for men (Clow et al. 2015). Advertisements of deodorants also portray women enticing men. The message is that the smell of the particular perfume or deodorant would attract the opposite sex. It would arouse sensuality and is a perfect seducer. Through a thorough analysis of advertisements, the role of advertisements in society is well evident. Advertisements stem from the traditional roles that men and women play in their real lives. But the reverse is also true. Even though the portrayals may not be authentic but audiences try to relate themselves with the icons and assimilate the behavioral patterns and expectations. Visual illustrations are more attractive and carry a great deal of message and responsibility. Magazines in fact, are designed for the target audience. Some advertisements are typically for the male audience while some are usually for the female. Even the language used is gender specific and stereotypical in nature. Same is the case with advertisements. The picture portrayed is either of the confined traditional woman or the sex oriented beauty representing the ironic diversity. Advertisements thus perpetuate gender stereotypes and compel individuals in a hegemonic way to adapt those roles. The sad part is t hat there is no step on the part of women themselves to come out from such roles. The aim must be to reduce stereotypes and prejudices. However, the current situation can be changed through awareness and proper information and education. With the development of society, advertisements also evolve. To eliminate stereotypes in the society, it is essential to stop portraying such images (Zotos, Yorgos and Tsichla 2014). There must be fluidity in the roles of men and women instead of being stereotypical. Prevalence of such images in advertisements would make the objectification a regular thing and perpetuate stereotypes. There are numerous advertisements that stereotype people, especially women. However, in the present times, as the outlook is evolving, so are advertisements evolving. One would find numerous advertisements where successful businesswomen are portrayed. Even men are also portrayed in some chocolate advertisements. Some advertisers have changed their sexist advertisements and instead incorporated models who are not seen enticing consumers or dressed in a semi naked way. Such advertisements reduces the gender gap and promotes success of women. They are in fact, inspiration for the thousands of people who watch them. There are advertisements that target women to be successful. They encourage the feeling of accomplishment. Depiction of women as critical and in the role of a businesswomen eliminates the objectification and hyper-sexualization of women. These kind of marketing would be very helpful in the long run to remove gender differences. References Furnham, Adrian, and Stephanie Paltzer. 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